INTRODUCTION

Ha Noi is Viet Nam’s political and cultural capital and a key economic hub for the Northern region. As of 2025, the city’s population reached 8.5 million, with 49% residing in urban areas. By 2030, the population is expected to increase to 11 million permanent and 1.5 million temporary residents, with urbanisation rising to 70%.

Despite global economic headwinds, Ha Noi’s GRDP grew 7.4% YoY in Q1/2025, the highest first-quarter growth in five years, reaching a per capita level of approximately US$6,700. The city is targeting 9% annual GRDP growth through 2030 with GRDP per capita projected at US$14,000.